Bibliotheca Alexandrina - President Abdel Nasser and President Anwar Sadat Photo and Video Archives Introduction A veritable treasure trove of historic Cairo tiling sightings, in a variety of places around Egypt, is available from the noted and famed Bibliotheca Alexandrina library, of Egypt, with President Abdel Nasser (1918–1970) and President Anwar Sadat (1918–1981) papers. The library and cultural centre are located on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, with much material provided online. The site is available in English, France, and Arabic. Among its many treasures are what can be described as repositories of President Nasser and President Sadat, effectively of dedicated offshoots, of their extensive papers and effects, pleasingly made available online up to 1970 and 1981 respectively, of the time of their passing. For the sake of clarity, I will discuss these individually. President Nasser has a dedicated and extensive series of pages, provided by the Nasser Foundation, and the entire collection is presented in a web-based interface with full-text Arabic and English search in both metadata and content. The Sadat page is perhaps a little less extensive in comparison but is still nonetheless most detailed. Below, before showing the Cairo tiling sightings (as links), I document the archives, part as a note to self, to help me recall the various intricacies, of which there are many, and with time easily forgotten! But to cut to the chase, for those who simply want to see the Cairo tiling images, simply scroll past the text to get to the image links. The links are ordered as according to Nasser and Sadat sections, in chronological order. First with the locations of the sighting, date, the archive series number, and the number of photos of the Cairo tiling. Second, a link to the photo. Third, a caption, of the event, taken from the archive. Fourth, additional commentary by myself on occasion when deemed appropriate. Of course, when I first found the archive, in 2015, as part of my ongoing process of looking for historical photos of Egypt and especially of Cairo featuring the Cairo tiling, I was unsure if there would be any pictures at all showing the Cairo tiling in a historic context. Indeed, upon seeing that that in the Nasser archives there was alone 51,000 photos, searching (and the best means of doing so) through these was a daunting proposition! However, upon finding one (I forget which), it soon became apparent to me that this had the potential to be a rich and broadly convenient resource, and of which although I fully accepted would be a time-consuming task, had the possibility of more exciting findings, and so it has proved. Indeed, it is by far, the best historical collection of photos featuring the Cairo tiling there are, especially of the Nasser archive. Further, both archives have undergone photo additions since my first visit, and so there may yet be more sightings! Indeed, there is an additional picture of the 1957 sighting! However, I have not purposefully searched through the entire archive one more, or at least as yet. Although there are indeed other, albeit few archives that show the tiling, such as the American University in Cairo, these naturally feature solely on the university surrounds itself, rather than Egypt in the large here. Note here that although I have striven to be consistent here, despite the best of intentions, on occasion I am not, as minor omissions can be seen. Simply stated, at both the 2015 initial search, and again of 2019, I became fatigued with the sheer volume of material to assess. And then, this being the internet, pages change, especially of the Sadat site, with convenient thumbnails of videos that were previously (2015) are now seemingly no more. And then I had to properly write it up in 2019 for this page... In short, I am beginning to tread water, a sure sign to stop and return another day. But here it is, it is still (if I may say so myself) a magnificent piece of research, even with a few of the above shortcomings in mind. President Abdel Nasser http://www.nasser.org/Photos/PhotosMain.aspx?lang=ar The President Nasser archive contains his many effects and documents in various forms. It is quite superb, in presentation and search possibilities! This is an extensive archive, to say the least! The site is generally searchable, to a degree, with simple word searches, as well as filters, by year, the latter of which is a great aid. Of course, searching here cannot be focussed as such, as by entering ‘Cairo tiling’, or indeed just ‘tiling’. There are, unsurprisingly, simply no such entries. Further, the tiling has not seemingly designated a brand name, as is often a common feature of tiling in general, so it is not possible to search in that way either. Rather, it is just a long, hard slog through the pages in the vain hope of seeing the tiling! There are seven main tabs: 1. The Main Page, 2. Speeches, 3. Photo Archives, 4. Documentaries, 5. Documents, 6. Press Archive, 7. Nasser and Culture For ease of reference, I discuss these individually, with the introductory text taken from the site, along with stating if these are searchable or not, along with comments. 1. The Main Page (Searchable). This site has been established in cooperation with Bibliotheca Alexandrina and the Gamal Abdel Nasser Foundation. It includes a number of digital audio-visual documents on the Leader Gamal Abdel Nasser, accompanied with detailed search options. This simply acts as a portal to the categories. 2. Speeches (Searchable). This collection contains 1,377 audio-visual speeches for President Gamal Abdel Nasser in the period from 1952 to 1970. Out of remit; not searched, for obvious reasons. 3. Photo Archives (Searchable). This collection includes 59,550 photos that cover 6,411 official events, receptions, visits, meetings, personal events, family events and more during the period from 1930 to 1980. The portraits collection includes 1,124 portraits for Leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. Naturally, the photo page is the more readily accessible source for the inquiry, and is by far the richest resource; pictures, in relative terms, abound! Given that the instigation date, 1957 is now known, one can thus omit the earlier years in the search. But this does indeed permit a check, so I searched this as well! 4. Documentaries (Searchable). This collection includes 1,212 Documentary during the period from year 1948 and year 1970. Includes documentaries on the Palestine War, the Rule of King Farouk, July 23 23 Revolution and the Rule of President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Strictly, this is on films, some (but not all, of which the short ones run to a few seconds) of which are quite lengthy, of an hour or more! However, since we now know the date of instigation, 1957, it is obviously unnecessary to search before that date, and so time can be saved. This has the potential to be a useful resource, with the events nicely detailed, with film title, date and length. Obviously, events that are stated to be out of Egypt can be disregarded, but this still leaves plenty to view! Somewhat to my latter-day annoyance, I neglected to record what I viewed back in 2015. Whether I viewed ‘all’, in the sense of possible sightings (i.e. in Egypt, from 1957 onwards) I do not recall. This is most frustrating! Whatever, I do not seem to recall or have recorded a single sighting. I may revisit this archive. But if there are any volunteers… 5. Documents. It includes a collection of Egyptian documents that encompass days of Nasser, handwritten papers, the Central Committee for the Socialist Union sessions, the Revolutionary Command Council decrees, cards exchanged between family members, minutes of the Ministers Council sessions and some publications. It also includes a complete set of documents representing official correspondence between Egypt and each of Great Britain and the USA. Has three further subsections, on (i) Egyptian Documents, with nine links (ii) British Documents, (iii) American Documents. In more detail: Egyptian Documents. This collection includes Egyptian documents pertaining to President Gamal Abdel Nasser, the Central Committee for the Socialist Union, the Revolutionary Command Council, Ministers Council and publications. The first link alone has 7938 documents! From 1957 (instigation), 5,312. To what extent, if any, I searched here I do not recall. British Documents. This collection of documents was obtained from General Documentation Office of the British Government, and it is related to President Gamal Abdel Nasser, the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Middle East. The collection contains 4,207 volumes, holding 1,158 documents covering the period from 1919 to 1995. American Documents. This collection includes documents pertaining to the foreign relations of the USA with the Middle East and President Gamal Abdel Nasser. The collection includes 16 subjects, which in turn include 7,965 documents covering the period from 1951 to 1978. To what extent, if any, I searched here through all three categories I do not recall. There is potential here for sightings, but the sheer weight of the material is daunting! 6. Press Archive (Non-Searchable). The collection contains a group of articles for the famous Writer/Journalist Mohamed Hassanein Heikal. it also includes some articles written about President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Has two further subsections, on (i) Arabic Articles and newspapers and (ii) English Articles and newspapers. The English articles include four journals, with the number of issues in brackets: Time (5), Newsweek (4), Life (2) and Look (1). The listing is mostly newspaper clippings. The newspapers collection contains more than 138 articles written about Nasser, but with no apparent Cairo tiling photos. For older newspapers, some of these have degraded, with relatively poor clarity, and so thus making picture determination at times uncertain. However, even so, I cannot even say I have the mildest of suspicions of a sighting here. 7. Nasser and Culture (Non-Searchable). This collection includes some visual art works, such as painting, sculpture and caricature, and some applied art works such as currencies and stamps. It also includes a collection of poems, songs of the Revolution and books by President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Has four subsections: Plastic and Applied Arts, Poetry, Revolution Songs, Gamel Abdel Nasser Writings. In detail: (i) Plastic and Applied Arts. This collection is divided into stamps, caricatures, visual arts, and currencies, namely 326 stamps, 125 caricature, 34 plastic art works, and 38 currencies. Each collection can be viewed separately. You can also search within entire collections. (ii) Poetry. This collection includes 138 poems written about President Gamal Abdel Nasser. They belong to poets varying in poetry schools, affiliations and poetic purpose of each poem. You can view this collection and search it using the poem title or content. You can also read the poem and browse it by clicking on its title. Out of remit. Out of remit. (iv) Gamel Abdel Nasser Writings. This collection includes three books written by President Gamal Abdel Nasser; namely “The Philosophy of the Revolution”, President Gamal Abdel Nasser’s Journals on the Palestine War” and “for the Sake of Freedom”; which is the story he had started when he was a high school student on the Battle of Rosetta and won first prize for it in the competition held then by the Higher Council for Fine Arts, Literary Arts, and Social Sciences. Almost certainly out of remit. Some Observations The photo archive begins in 1930, which is a great aid in determining the tilings’ first appearance. Tellingly, there are no sightings before 1957, which corroborates the tile advert, stating its introduction, of 1957. Pleasingly, these sightings date from the earliest beginnings, of 1957, when the tile was introduced! The pictures are all in black and white and not colour. However, multi-colouring tiles can be inferred from different shades. Further, the sightings are ‘enhanced’ by the appearance of Nasser and on occasion accompanied by other notable world leaders, such as Nikita Krushchev, of the Soviet Union, Indira Gandhi of India, and Josep Broz Tito of Yugoslavia. The Nasser archive has 59,000 photos, of which I believe (of 2015) I have searched through them all for sightings! My task was eased by viewing thumbnails, of which many non-obvious pictures could be eliminated at a glance. Of course, even so, this still was a daunting task, with the Cairo tiling only appearing by chance, and sometimes far from ideal, taken at a raking angle, or nearly obliterated by a fierce sun, but it was incumbent on me to examine all, no matter what, so important was the historical nature of the material. On rare occasions, the archive pictures on the Nasser site are, I believe, incorrectly placed and/or captioned, or indeed placed twice, leading to potential confusion, but this is indeed few and far between. Trying to search through to document these is somewhat of a daunting task. The details below are as best as I am willing to undertake for now. I have striven my best to be consistent. It is not quite complete, but for another day. Any inconsistencies in the presentation are minor. Further, my searches were not always undertaken in an orderly or efficient manner (it took a little while to grasp the sites), and on occasion, I have lost details of a picture. So bear in mind with the following… Even so, there is nothing remotely researched as good as this! Findings Below I show my findings, of 28 confirmed photos. Of course, it is not beyond the bounds of possibility that it features elsewhere on the site, but there is a limit to the time I have to explore, especially so on such ‘remote’ possibilities! The pictures are captioned, taken from the thumbnails on the photo site. Pleasingly, this gave the circumstances of the event in question, and of which the details are most informative, and with the exact date, down to the day(!) and year, and so the sightings are thus put into context and the all-important chronology, of which without I would be at a loss otherwise. Note that some of the sightings are not unique, some of the events have multiple photos of the same occasion, taken from slightly different angles. Inevitably, with time, most of the sightings here are likely unfortunately no longer extant. For sure, I now that the Cairo Tower sighting is no longer. The Al Galaa club is still in existence, a famous military club, but the paving? Whether the other sightings and places, such as Alexandria, Suez and the Indian Embassy are still extant is unclear. I have not been able to confirm this either way. Of course, if any reader can add more detail here, and especially of identifying the people around Nasser I would be delighted to receive details. Nasser is sometimes accompanied by his wife, Mona, amidst other officials. Copyright Matters Regrettably, of necessity, I have had to give a series of links rather than pictures themselves. Despite a request to use, the library did not respond. In any case, the pictures are embedded within the page, and of which I cannot extract! Do let me know if there is a workaround! Likely there is, but if so it is beyond my knowledge. Or are the pictures indeed in the public domain after all? I found a non-Cairo tiling picture on Wikimedia crediting the Nasser archive, freely available to use: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nasser_at_Helwan_car_factory.jpg This states: Copyright has expired in Egypt if… A Non-creative photographic or audiovisual works published prior to 1987 B Other works with an identifiable author the author died prior to 1969 C Other works that are either anonymous or pseudonymous published prior to 1969 D Other works (e.g. collective works) whose copyright is held by a legal person published prior to 1969 I am more than a little confused here! Are there any copyright experts here? Can these pictures be used freely? I would certainly like (to put it mildly) to include these in my article and book. Presentation The links are ordered as according to chronological order, with year headings. First with the location of the sighting, date, the archive series number, and the number of photos of the Cairo tiling. Second, a link to the photo. Third, a caption, of the event, taken from the archive. Fourth, additional commentary by myself on occasion when deemed appropriate. Picture Locations Pictures of Galaa Club 1957; Cairo Tower, 1961; Location unknown, 1963; Alexandria, 1964; Cairo Tower, Heliopolis; Suez, 1967, Indian Embassy, 1967; Cairo, 1970. One picture unknown location. 1957 1. Galaa Club, Heliopolis (23 July 1957). Three photos in an album of 3. http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=4100&lang=en Caption: National events and celebrations: Opening the Galaa Club in Heliopolis during the July 23rd Revolution celebrations. The first recorded pictures of the Cairo tiling, at least in situ! A 1957 advert also shows the tiling, in close up, but not (apparently) in situ. The 23rd July is Revolution Day, a public holiday celebrated in Egypt to commemorate the military coup of July 23, 1952, that led to the end of the monarchy and the establishment of an independent republic. The Galaa Club, at Heliopolis, is a famous military club and is still extant, but whether this sighting itself is still extant I have not been able to confirm. But likely now given the passage of time, even more so than others, it is not. There is seemingly little detail available on the club itself. 1961 2. Helwan (20 January 1961). Two photos in an album of four. http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=1143&lang=en Caption: The arrival of Abdel Nasser and Tito in the Nile tour to Helwan and return from Helwan to the same place. Simply captioned as Helwan, without further detail. Does anyone recognise the building? Helwan (population 643,000, of 2006) is part of Greater Cairo, on the bank of the Nile, opposite the ruins of Memphis. Originally a southern suburb of Cairo, it served as the capital of the now-defunct Helwan Governorate from April 2008 to April 2011, after which it was reincorporated into the Cairo Governorate. 1961 Cairo Tower (16 April 1961). Two photos in an album of ten. http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=1145&lang=en Caption: Visit of the wife of Abdel Nasser and the wife of Yugoslav President Joseph Bros. Tito to the Cairo Tower. 1961 Cairo Tower (21 April 1961). Four photos in an album of 32. http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=3623&lang=en Caption: President Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia visits the Cairo Tower 1963 Location Unknown. (23 June 1963). Two photos in an album of five. http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=1768&lang=en Caption: Social events: The marriage ceremony of the former Iraqi minister Fouad Al Dakabi. 1964 Alexandria (23 May 1964). One photo in an album of 13. http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=2075&lang=en Caption: Visits of Presidents to Egypt: Abdel Nasser with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev in Alexandria. Noteworthy for the portrayal of both presidents. 1967 Al Ain al Sokhna, Suez (6 April 1967). Six photos in an album of 47. http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=2797&lang=en Caption: Abdel Nasser’s wife and the wife of the President of Mauritania Mukhtar Walad Dada on a trip to Al Ain AL Sokhna in Suez. As such, the photos of the Ain Sukhna are generally lacking in quality, due to a fierce sun, resulting in bleached photographs. However, there is at least one good instance. Also features Mona, Nasser's daughter. See comments above. Is this sighting still extant? I have not been able to confirm this either way. 1967 Indian Embassy (20 October 1967). Two photos in an album of 16. http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=2897&lang=en Caption: A luncheon party held for Indira Gandhi the Indian Prime Minister at the residence of the Indian Ambassador in Cairo. One of three photos of the Indian Embassy event, of two circumstances. Is this sighting still extant? I have not been able to confirm this either way. Indian Embassy (20 October 1967). Two photos in an album of eight. http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=3284&lang=en Caption: The Indian Embassy in Cairo welcomes Abdel Nasser and his wife and the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi. 1970 Cairo. (29 September 1970). One photo in an album of 105. http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=4946&lang=en Caption: The Funeral: The effect of the death of Abdel Nasser etched on the faces of the Egyptian people. Photo is about halfway down. Of note here is the square format type, the first (and only) photo of this type, conspicuously missing from the above sightings. This thus suggests a later date of introduction for this type. Unknown location and date. No. 2 of a series of 10. DEAD LINK Caption? I have lost the date and details of this! Is this a young Mona? On the banks of the Nile? Unknown. No. 24 in a series of 30 DEAD LINK Caption? Again, I have lost the date and details of this! The Cairo tiling is poorly shown here, and it is not certain, but I believe this to be so. Not classified, of dubious authenticity. No. 15 in a series of 20 DEAD LINK Likely the Cairo tiling is not shown here, but I include the picture as a ‘remote possibility’. Interesting Non-Cairo tiling 'Krakelingen' Tiling. No. 6 in a series of 10 DEAD LINK See ? photo. Although not relevant to the Cairo tiling aspect, in the course of my researches I also kept an eye out for any other interesting pavings, of which here is a ‘Krakelingen’ tiling, popular in the Netherlands, where the term arose, Poland ‘Gorseciki’ (especially so) and Germany 'Kreisausschnitte’ (less so). Observations An open question, aside from the all-important date aspect, is to what, if anything, can be drawn from this. As such, the sample is relatively small, of just six locations, as according to the vagaries of places Nasser was photographed in. Therefore, one should be a little cautious here about being dogmatic. But it can at least serve as a most likely scenario, and likely will remain unsurpassed. Now, a feature of the Nasser archive is that these are all of the single pentagon type, save for a 1970 picture of the square type. Therefore, it would appear likely that the paving was introduced as a single pentagon (as in the advert), before a later beginning for the square type. This supposition is backed by other early pictures not being in the archive, none of these showing the square type. But exactly when and why, is not clear. The earliest date I have for the square type is *. As can be seen, the tiling appears in a variety of places throughout Egypt, and not just in Cairo. From this, it seems to have thus gained in popularity quite soon after its instigation and spread. President Anwar Sadat The President Sadat archive contains his many effects and documents in various forms. This is (again) an extensive archive, to say the least! However, I did not find it as intuitive to use as the Nasser site, with at times some confusing subpages (in terms of ease of use). Rather, it is just a long, hard slog through the various ‘likely’ pages in the vain hope of seeing the tiling! But sightings there indeed are, of both photos and videos! The President Sadat archive consists of three main sections: Section 1 - ‘Informative Look’, Section 2 - ‘Sadat Archive’, Section 3 - ‘Life of Sadat’. In detail: Section 1, ‘Informative Look’, of TV Interviews (videos) and Literary Writings. Of interest are the videos, with three sightings. Section 2, ‘Sadat Archive’, of speeches, photos, videos, documents, audios and journalism. As with the President Nasser archive, by far the most fruitful is with the photo section, albeit to a markedly lesser degree, with just three photos, albeit here, in the video section, there is video footage with the tiling, something which the Nasser archive does not achieve. Section 3, ‘By Sadat’, Wrote, Paved Groups and Words Spoken, His autobiography, Its inception, The beginning of political life Post-revolution, Presidency Out of remit. In detail: Section 1. (i) Informative Look. Mohammed Anwar Sadat is the first to discover the charm of the video camera in modern times, recruited to work for him and used in the peace negotiations as an alternative to artillery in the war if the politician does not get in negotiations more than his artillery can reach him, but Sadat will be able to access this camera This section is devoted to all the TV interviews and speeches available to President Anwar Sadat in an attempt to highlight how Sadat deals with the Arab and Western media and how to deal with and deal with the media M with him. In effect 53 videos, eight to a page, where Sadat is interviewed or speaks. Some of these are quite lengthy, of an hour or more, which precludes viewing in their entirety, unless a potential sighting is a possibility! However, not all have to be inspected; typically the interviews are inside, and so can thus be eliminated from the search. Cairo tilings are indeed to be found! Page 2, Video 4 captioned: Meeting with President Mohammed Anwar Sadat and Members of the International Economic Conference, 1 minute 23 seconds No other detail, such as the location and date are given. A brief look for the date of the conference proved fruitless. However, all is not lost; Sadat is relatively old here, and so this at least gives a date of sorts, say 1970 to 1981. Section 1. (ii) Literary Writings The project team collected most of the covers of the books on the era of President Anwar Sadat as an aid to the researcher or the ordinary visitor or continental or interested to get a better understanding of Anwar Sadat's life story, both human and political in a way that helps to know different views on different topics, Topics related to the period Images of book covers. No Cairo tile sightings. Section 2 (i) Speeches The speeches of President Sadat are among the best historical materials that can express the features of its historical period. Language is the first means of communication between the authorities and the public because it has common understanding factors that are quick to understand, influence and persuade. Therefore, politicians use them to influence the public. Convince and guide them to their goals. The language also reflects the trends and objectives of the Authority and reflects the political changes of society. This collection contains 1116 speeches, speech and text of President Mohamed Anwar Sadat, which the visitor can review and research. A brief search. It seems highly unlikely that any reference to the Cairo tiling can be found here. Section 2 (ii) Photo "The picture is better than a thousand words" is a new old term that was our starting point for the images of the late President Sadat's era. We can say that for the first time, this rare number of rare pictures relating to Sadat on the Internet, which has a total of 20,000 pictures, is being reviewed. The images cover a large number of official events of visits and meetings and culminate in the effort of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in the process of collecting and documenting these images, the latest technologies were used to get them in the form of enabling the visitor to recognize the era of the cascade in its historical sequence and live with it without need To a close reading of the event. A useful resource with sightings. Pictures are shown is a series of (unstated) 62 albums as distinct pages, with captions, some, but not all with dates. 12 photos are given on each page, as a flavour of the dedicated collection. Each album contains a varied number of photos, from one or two to a hundred! There is only one thing to do; simply patiently search the archive album by album! There are indeed photos of the Cairo tiling here! 1. Photo, with Volkhard Windfuhr With German journalist Volkhard Windfuhr (1937–), a German journalist and Arabist. I emailed him as to his interaction with Sadat, but disappointingly he did not respond. I have two other photos of Sadat, but these of this writing (2019) the links are no longer operative. Section 2 (iii) Videos The Bibliotheca Alexandrina began working in the digital archive of the late President Anwar Sadat, based on the importance of communication as a social phenomenon that arose in the presence of a society whose members interact and exchange views and ideas and express their potentials. The Bibliotheca Alexandrina was keen to transmit historical information to the visitors of the digital archives via the audio and visual channels. The best way to do this was to view and monitor the documentary films during the historic era of Sadat's rule. This collection contains more than 317 video clips showing President Sadat ranging from talk shows, news reports, and documentary films. There are 25 pages, of 9 videos with captions, to a page, of 225 videos to view, of differing lengths! Again, an obvious resource, and of which two relevant videos were found. I cannot recall know to what extent I searched these in 2015. I may very well have searched ‘all’, of course negating obvious non-instances, where Sadat is outside of Egypt or is inside a building. As such, I neglected to be more exact where these are to be found in my searches of 2015. 1. Video, 1981 http://modernegypt.bibalex.org/MediaViewer.aspx?VideoID=VI_3 With Sadat, throughout the video indistinctly, but first clear at 3.35 individual pentagon type, of a single pentagon in a butterfly configuration, of black and white (similar to the AUC sighting). 2. Video, 1981? http://modernegypt.bibalex.org/MediaViewer.aspx?VideoID=VI_1 With Sadat, the Cairo tiling appearing immediately, first sixteen seconds, apparently of some country retreat home nature, of a single pentagon in a butterfly configuration, of tan and yellow (similar to the Old Cataract Hotel sighting). Section 2 (iv) Documents Since the initial effort of President Sadat's digital archive project, the team has collected and documented official documents during the late President's reign. The project team received a large variety of rare documents, which amounted to more than 970 Egyptian and American documents, in addition to documents in the hands of the President. There are captioned but do not appear to be fertile ground for exploring, never mind the sheer weight of numbers to survey (970!). Section 2 (v) Audio Based on the importance of the audiovisual stimuli because of their great impact in attracting our attention and excitement, the project team provided the digital archive with a collection of the audio recordings of President Anwar Sadat. This collection contains .44 audio clips. Out of remit. Section 2 (vi) Journalism The written press - and still - is the natural extension of cultural renaissance and intellectual revolution. It is one of the most consumed products among all groups everywhere because it has an important impact on the lives of people and individuals and in public policies and government systems. The journalist sees things and provides them in a comprehensive and in-depth, by looking at the causes of the event and its repercussions, that is, the present event is an extension of the past and the prospect of the future, which makes the newspapers perhaps the most accurate and seeking to uncover the truth. This collection contains 7814 diverse news headlines between the news, the investigation and the article, which pertain to the reign of the late President Anwar Sadat. This has potential, with captions and dates, but the sheer weight of material mitigates searching. This is mostly in Arabic. Any volunteers? Section 3, Left, ‘Sadat Museum’. A brief page. Searched August 2019, no Cairo tiling Section 3, Middle, ‘By Sadat’, links to four pages: Section 3 (i) Wrote Most of the writings of Anwar Sadat, written by Al-Gomhuriya and Al-Tahrir after the July 23 revolution, Al-Ahram,October and May May after he became president, were the books that were subsequently published. "The Secrets of the Egyptian Revolution," "Towards a New Mission," "The Meaning of the National Union," "The Story of the Revolution," and "The Grassroots" included articles published in Al-Gomhuriya newspaper at various times during his journalistic work. His book, "O I Have It, Your Uncle Gamal" was also the collection of articles published in the editorial magazine. This section includes the books of the late President Anwar Sadat and can be reviewed by the visitor. Has potential, but seems unlikely to contain references. Again, the sheer weight; 11 books, with numerous pages renders surveying daunting! Section 3 (ii) Articles Many did not think of them or even expect that Sadat at one stage of his life was a veteran journalist worked in the profession of journalism before the revolution of July 23 and then, it became the newspaper and the Republic, which contributed to the founding tongue of the revolution, 1000 articles or more Sadat wrote until 1981, His story with the press is exciting, he started while he was not working, so he used his energy to write to make a living, and continued to do so even after the revolution became the first crossing positions, and this is revealed by this section in many parts. Section 3 (iii) Paved Groups The administration of the site of the late President Mohamed Anwar Sadat has sought to provide him with photographs, documents, information and materials from all available sources. These include families whose members were involved in making the history of Egypt or individuals who were close to power centers during the reign of the late President Mohamed Anwar Sadat. These families, as well as any Egyptian family, take pride in the fact that one of their members took office or was close to the centers of power at any stage with collections of photographs, documents and rare holdings that monitor their personal history and the history of Egypt at various stages, including the period of the late President Mohamed Anwar Sadat. And turn them into a digital image and available on the site of President Anwar Sadat as well as the site of the memory of contemporary Egypt. The presence of these groups in this format, which you see on the site is a wonderful cooperation and partnership between several departments within the Library of Alexandria. Special collections dedicated to the site of the late President Mohamed Anwar Sadat. Seemingly photos of other people. Section 3 (iv) Words Spoken Seemingly text only. Seems out of remit. Section 3, Right-hand side ‘His Autobiography’, a title page, with links to the following: ‘Its inception’, a single page of a picture and text. Searched August 2019, no Cairo tiling. ‘The Beginning of Political Life, 1936–1952’, a single page of three pictures and text. Searched 2019, no Cairo tiling. ‘Post Revolution, 1952–1970’, a single page of a picture and text, with 13 side pages. Searched 2019, no Cairo tiling. ‘Presidency, 1970–1981’ of a single page, with more pictures and text, with side pages as of year. Some of these have additional sidebars, with more text and pictures. Searched 2019, no Cairo tiling. Observations An open question, aside from the all-important date aspect, is to what, if anything, can be drawn from this. As such, the sample is relatively small, of just three photographs and two videos, as according to the vagaries of places Sadat was photographed and videoed in. Theoretically, this should be as equally as valuable as that of the Nasser archive, as both men were born in the same year (1918), but there is a sharp disparity in terms of the number and distinct events showing the Cairo tiling. Therefore, one should be a little cautious here about being too dogmatic here. Further, much of the detail has been lost or misplaced by myself, which is to be regretted. I could of course, effectively retrace my steps, but for now at least, for reasons that should be abundantly clear by now, I do not. Partly, this is also due in the knowledge that the Nasser photos are by far the most important historically, whilst those of Sadat are not, being later (but remain of undoubted interest). I will content myself with simply stating that the photos and videos show the single pentagon type. Summary As such, the archives, and in particular that of Nasser, is indispensable for determining the history of the Cairo tiling, simply containing in situ pictures that are not available elsewhere! Further, the captions, containing the event and date, put everything into context. Without these in combination, much of the all-important history would otherwise be lost. As such, although comparisons, in this case, are invidious, it is on a par with the importance of the advert from the Nile Tile company stating its (1957) introduction. Both are indispensable to the story. From this, one can see the spread of the tiling to all parts of Egypt in a relatively short time. However, there remains much to solve, albeit ever declining! Watch this space, my Cairo fans! Created 26 July 2019. Revised 2 August 2019, vastly increasing the depth and detail, from three pages to fourteen, with more detail as to archives than previously, which consisted of an shortish introduction (at least in comparison to the revision) with links with minor commentary. This is now considered as mature, and is not envisaged for any major, new update of length. 24 April 2020. Updated with new links, upon existing ones no longer functional. |
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